Evaluating batterer counseling programs: A difficult task showing some effects and implications

Over 40 published program evaluations have attempted to address the effectiveness of ‘‘batterer programs’’ in preventing reassaults. Summaries and meta-analysis of these evaluations suggest little or no ‘‘program effect.’’ Methodological shortcomings, however, compromise most of these quasiexperimental evaluations. Three recent experimental studies appear to confirm little or no effect, but implementation problems, intention-to-treat design, and sample attrition limit these results. A longitudinal 4-year follow-up evaluation in four cities poses additional considerations and evidence of at least a moderate program effect. There is a clear deescalation of reassault and other abuse, the vast majority of men do reach sustained nonviolence, and about 20% continuously reassault. The prevailing cognitive–behavioral approach appears appropriate for most of the men, but the following enhancements are warranted: swift and certain court response for violations, intensive programming for high-risk men, and ongoing monitoring of risk. Program effectiveness depends substantially on the intervention system of which the program is a part. D 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.